Brain Tumors, Glioma and Metastatic

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Focused Ultrasound Therapy

Focused ultrasound is a noninvasive, therapeutic technology with the potential to improve the quality of life and decrease the cost of care for patients with brain tumors. This novel technology focuses beams of ultrasonic energy precisely and accurately on targets deep in the brain without damaging surrounding normal tissue.

How it Works
Where the beams converge, the ultrasound produces a variety of therapeutic effects enabling treatment without incisions or radiation. These include temporary opening of the blood-brain barrier, designed to improve levels in the brain of therapeutic agents; thermal ablation; activation of sono-sensitive agents at the target; and combining with radiation therapy for a more pronounce effect. There is also a study using focused ultrasound prior to surgery to help mark the boundary of the tumor extension.

Advantages
Current treatments for brain tumors include surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy, all of which have limitations and side effects.

Focused ultrasound, used alone or in combination with conventional therapies, has the potential for several advantages.

  • Focused ultrasound is non-invasive, so it does not carry added concerns like surgical wound healing or infection.
  • Focused ultrasound can reach the desired target without damaging surrounding tissue.
  • Focused ultrasound does not include the use of ionizing radiation
  • Enhanced chemotherapy dose for the target, with less impact to the rest of the patient.
  • It can be repeated, if necessary.

Clinical Trials

Extracellular Impact of Ultrasound-induced Blood-brain Barrier Disruption
This study of BBBD is looking at the impact of the treatment on other therapeutic and pharmacodynamic substances that may also be in the area when this is accomplished.  

An Ultrasound-Based Blood Brain Barrier Opening Clinical Trial Using Albumin Bound Paclitaxel to Treat Recurrent Glioblastoma 
This invasive procedure that is similar to focused ultrasound uses an implanted device to treat patients with recurrent glioblastoma.

Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption (BBBD) for Liquid Biopsy in Subjects With Glioblastoma Brain Tumors 
A clinical trial for patients with Glioblastoma for liquid biopsy has also begun recruiting patients. 

The following studies concern focused ultrasound and sonodynamic therapy. 

Sonodynamic therapy in patients with recurrent glioblastoma.
This study used oral gleolan (5 ALA) which becomes altered in the presence of focused ultrasound and becomes locally toxic to the tumor.

A study of sonodynamic therapy for patient with high grade glioma 
A new clinical trial in the US is using sound activated drugs to treat patients with recurrent high grade glioma, including glioblastoma. 

A study of sonodynamic therapy in patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma 
This study will use low frequency focused ultrasound to activate drugs in patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma. 

The following studies concern tumors in pediatric patients. 
Phase 1/2 Study of Sonodynamic therapy to treat Type 2 Patients with DIPG 
A clinical trial is using sonodynamic therapy to treat pediatric patients who are five years and older with DIPG (diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma). 

Blood Brain Barrier (BBB) Disruption Using Exablate Focused Ultrasound With Doxorubicin for Treatment of Pediatric DIPG 
A clinical trial using doxorubicin to treat DIPG has begun in the US. 

Blood Brain Barrier (BBB) Disruption Using Exablate Focused Ultrasound With Doxorubicin for Treatment of Pediatric DIPG 
A clinical trial using doxorubicin to treat DIPG has begun in Canada. 

A Feasibility Safety Study of Benign Centrally-Located Intracranial Tumors in Pediatric and Young Adult Subjects 
Centrally located intracranial benign tumors that require intervention in pediatric and young adult patients. This study has been completed.

A clinical trial by Carthera is recruiting pediatric patients with recurrent malignant brain tumors in France. 
 
The following studies concern treatment of tumors from the body that have metastasized to the brain. 
A clinical trial for patients with breast cancer that has metastasized to their brain is enrolling patients in Canada. The team will us focused ultrasound to open the blood-brain barrier to allow therapeutic medications to more effectively reach the tumor in their brain. This study is only open to Canadian citizens. A summary of the first four patients has been published. 

A clinical trial for patients with lung cancer that has metastasized to the brain has begun recruiting patients in the US. 
 
The following study concerns a wide variety of brain tumors.
This clinical trial is for a wide variety of brain tumors that are planned to be biopsied. This study is only open to Canadian citizens. 

For a full list of known brain tumor clinical trials, please see here.

See a list of treatment sites >
See a list of clinical trials sites >
See a list of laboratory research sites >

Regulatory Approval and Reimbursement

Focused ultrasound is not approved by any regulatory bodies worldwide as a treatment for brain tumors, nor is the treatment reimbursed by medical insurance providers.

Preclinical Laboratory Studies

Preclinical studies are underway to investigate the use of various mechanisms of focused ultrasound in the treatment of brain tumors. Examples of these studies include:

  • Focused ultrasound to temporarily disrupt the BBB and deliver a variety of chemotherapy or immunotherapy drugs, including the dosing and timing (e.g. frequency) of drug administration. 
  • Focused ultrasound to induce an immune response, including a multi-site study investigating the type of immune response elicited by different “modes” of energy delivery. 
  • Focused ultrasound to enable targeted delivery and/or activation of drugs via carrier vehicles (e.g. microbubbles, nanoparticles, liposomes) to enable delivery of high concentrations in the tumor with minimal systemic side effects. 
  • Non-thermal mechanical destruction of tumor using a type of focused ultrasound called histotripsy. 

Additional Resources

There are many government bodies and patient groups dedicated to brain tumors, including the following:

Notable Papers

Suggested Reading: Focused Ultrasound for Glioblastoma (PDF), June 2021. 

Kwak G, Grewal A, Slika H, Mess G, Li H, Kwatra M, Poulopoulos A, Woodworth GF, Eberhart CG, Ko HS, Manbachi A, Caplan J, Price RJ, Tyler B, Suk JS. Brain Nucleic Acid Delivery and Genome Editing via Focused Ultrasound-Mediated Blood-Brain Barrier Opening and Long-Circulating Nanoparticles. ACS Nano. 2024 Sep 3;18(35):24139-24153. doi: 10.1021/acsnano.4c05270. Epub 2024 Aug 22. PMID: 39172436 

Farzad Maroufi S, Sadegh Fallahi M, Parmis Maroufi S, Sheehan JP. Focused ultrasound blood-brain barrier disruption in high-grade gliomas: Scoping review of clinical studies. J Clin Neurosci. 2024 Aug 14;128:110786. doi: 10.1016/j.jocn.2024.110786. PMID: 39146579 

Zhu H, Allwin C, Bassous MG, Pouliopoulos AN. Focused ultrasound-mediated enhancement of blood-brain barrier permeability for brain tumor treatment: a systematic review of clinical trials. J Neurooncol. 2024 Aug 29. doi: 10.1007/s11060-024-04795-z. PMID: 39207625 

Hutton DL, Burns TC, Hossain-Ibrahim K. A review of sonodynamic therapy for brain tumors. Neurosurg Focus. 2024 Sep 1;57(3):E7. doi: 10.3171/2024.6.FOCUS24338. PMID: 39217635 

Shan H, Zheng G, Bao S, Yang H, Shrestha UD, Li G, Duan X, Du X, Ke T, Liao C. Tumor perfusion enhancement by focus ultrasound-induced blood-brain barrier opening to potentiate anti-PD-1 immunotherapy of glioma. Transl Oncol. 2024 Aug 31;49:102115. doi: 10.1016/j.tranon.2024.102115. PMID: 39217852 

Kim KS, Habashy K, Gould A, Zhao J, Najem H, Amidei C, Saganty R, Arrieta VA, Dmello C, Chen L, Zhang DY, Castro B, Billingham L, Levey D, Huber O, Marques M, Savitsky DA, Morin BM, Muzzio M, Canney M, Horbinski C, Zhang P, Miska J, Padney S, Zhang B, Rabadan R, Phillips JJ, Butowski N, Heimberger AB, Hu J, Stupp R, Chand D, Lee-Chang C, Sonabend AM. Fc-enhanced anti-CTLA-4, anti-PD-1, doxorubicin, and ultrasound-mediated BBB opening: A novel combinatorial immunotherapy regimen for gliomas. Neuro Oncol. 2024 Jul 19:noae135. doi: 10.1093/neuonc/noae135. PMID: 39028616 

Scanlon SE, Shanahan RM, Bin-Alamer O, Bouras A, Mattioli M, Huq S, Hadjipanayis CG. Sonodynamic therapy for adult-type diffuse gliomas: past, present, and future. J Neurooncol. 2024 Jul 23. doi: 10.1007/s11060-024-04772-6. PMID: 39042302 

Antoniou A, Evripidou N, Damianou C. Focused ultrasound heating in brain tissue/skull phantoms with 1 MHz single-element transducer. J Ultrasound. 2024 Jun;27(2):263-274. doi: 10.1007/s40477-023-00810-7. Epub 2023 Jul 30. PMID: 37517052 

Zhang X, He N, Zhang L, Dai T, Sun Z, Shi Y, Li S, Yu N. Application of high intensity focused ultrasound combined with nanomaterials in anti-tumor therapy. Drug Deliv. 2024 Dec;31(1):2342844. doi: 10.1080/10717544.2024.2342844. Epub 2024 Apr 24. PMID: 38659328 

Arrieta VA, Gould A, Kim KS, Habashy KJ, Dmello C, Vázquez-Cervantes GI, Palacín-Aliana I, McManus G, Amidei C, Gomez C, Dhiantravan S, Chen L, Zhang DY, Saganty R, Cholak ME, Pandey S, McCord M, McCortney K, Castro B, Ward R, Muzzio M, Bouchoux G, Desseaux C, Canney M, Carpentier A, Zhang B, Miska JM, Lesniak MS, Horbinski CM, Lukas RV, Stupp R, Lee-Chang C, Sonabend AM. Ultrasound-mediated delivery of doxorubicin to the brain results in immune modulation and improved responses to PD-1 blockade in gliomas. Nat Commun. 2024 Jun 6;15(1):4698. doi: 10.1038/s41467-024-48326-w. PMID: 38844770 

Seas AA, Malla AP, Sharifai N, Winkles JA, Woodworth GF, Anastasiadis P. Microbubble-Enhanced Focused Ultrasound for Infiltrating Gliomas. Biomedicines. 2024 Jun 1;12(6):1230. doi: 10.3390/biomedicines12061230. PMID: 38927437 

Chesney KM, Keating GF, Patel N, Kilburn L, Fonseca A, Wu CC, Nazarian J, Packer RJ, Donoho DA, Oluigbo C, Myseros JS, Keating RF, Syed HR. The role of focused ultrasound for pediatric brain tumors: current insights and future implications on treatment strategies. Childs Nerv Syst. 2024 May 3. doi: 10.1007/s00381-024-06413-9. PMID: 38702518 

Cornelssen C, Payne A, Parker DL, Alexander M, Merrill R, Senthilkumar S, Christensen J, Wilcox KS, Odéen H, Rolston JD. Development of an MR-Guided Focused Ultrasound (MRgFUS) Lesioning Approach for the Fornix in the Rat Brain. Ultrasound Med Biol. 2024 Jun;50(6):920-926. doi: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2024.02.018. Epub 2024 Mar 22. PMID: 38521695 

Ruger L, Langman M, Farrell R, Rossmeisl JH, Prada F, Vlaisavljevich E. Ultrasound-Guided Mechanical High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound (Histotripsy) Through an Acoustically Permeable Polyolefin-Based Cranioplasty Device. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng. 2024 May 10;PP. doi: 10.1109/TBME.2024.3399688. PMID: 38728123 

Xu T, Zhang Y, Li D, Lai C, Wang S, Zhang S. Mechanosensitive Ion Channels Piezo1 and Piezo2 in Vivo Mediate Motor Response During Transcranial Focused Ultrasound Stimulation of Rodent Cerebral Motor Cortex. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng. 2024 May 15;PP. doi: 10.1109/TBME.2024.3401136. PMID: 38748529 

Bhoopathi P, Mannangatti P, Pradhan AK, Kumar A, Maji S, Lang FF, Klibanov AL, Madan E, Cavenee WK, Keoprasert T, Sun D, Bjerkvig R, Thorsen F, Gogna R, Das SK, Emdad L, Fisher PB. Noninvasive therapy of brain cancer using a unique systemic delivery methodology with a cancer terminator virus. J Cell Physiol. 2024 May 22. doi: 10.1002/jcp.31302. PMID: 38775127 

Choi SW, Komaiha M, Choi D, Lu N, Gerhardson TI, Fox A, Chaudhary N, Camelo-Piragua S, Hall TL, Pandey AS, Xu Z, Sukovich JR. Neuronavigation-Guided Transcranial Histotripsy (NaviTH) System. Ultrasound Med Biol. 2024 May 23:S0301-5629(24)00156-X. doi: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2024.04.001. PMID: 38789304 

Duclos S, Choi SW, Andjelkovic AV, Chaudhary N, Camelo-Piragua S, Pandey A, Xu Z. Characterization of Blood-Brain Barrier Opening Induced by Transcranial Histotripsy in Murine Brains. Ultrasound Med Biol. 2024 May;50(5):639-646. doi: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2023.12.014. Epub 2024 Feb 1. PMID: 38302370 

Nwafor DC, Obiri-Yeboah D, Fazad F, Blanks W, Mut M. Focused ultrasound as a treatment modality for gliomas. Front Neurol. 2024 May 15;15:1387986. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2024.1387986. eCollection 2024. PMID: 38813245 

Kappel AD, Jha R, Guggilapu S, Smith WJ, Feroze AH, Dmytriw AA, Vicenty-Padilla J, Alcedo Guardia RE, Gessler FA, Patel NJ, Du R, See AP, Peruzzi PP, Aziz-Sultan MA, Bernstock JD. Endovascular Applications for the Management of High-Grade Gliomas in the Modern Era. Cancers (Basel). 2024 Apr 22;16(8):1594. doi: 10.3390/cancers16081594. PMID: 38672676 

Pellegatta S, Corradino N, Zingarelli M, Porto E, Gionso M, Berlendis A, Durando G, Maffezzini M, Musio S, Aquino D, DiMeco F, Prada F. The Immunomodulatory Effects of Fluorescein-Mediated Sonodynamic Treatment Lead to Systemic and Intratumoral Depletion of Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells in a Preclinical Malignant Glioma Model. Cancers (Basel). 2024 Feb 15;16(4):792. doi: 10.3390/cancers16040792. PMID: 38398183 

Fletcher SP, Chisholm A, Lavelle M, Guthier R, Zhang Y, Power C, Berbeco R, McDannold N. A study combining microbubble-mediated focused ultrasound and radiation therapy in the healthy rat brain and a F98 glioma model. Sci Rep. 2024 Feb 28;14(1):4831. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-55442-6. PMID: 38413663 

Memari E, Khan D, Alkins R, Helfield B. Focused ultrasound-assisted delivery of immunomodulating agents in brain cancer. J Control Release. 2024 Jan 29;367:283-299. doi: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2024.01.034. PMID: 38266715 

Martinez PJ, Green AL, Borden MA. Targeting diffuse midline gliomas: The promise of focused ultrasound-mediated blood-brain barrier opening. J Control Release. 2023 Nov 30;365:412-421. doi: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.11.037. PMID: 38000663 

Bellur S, Khosla AA, Ozair A, Kotecha R, McDermott MW, Ahluwalia MS. Management of Brain Metastases: A Review of Novel Therapies. Semin Neurol. 2023 Nov 27. doi: 10.1055/s-0043-1776782. PMID: 38011864 

Bérard C, Truillet C, Larrat B, Dhermain F, Estève MA, Correard F, Novell A. Anticancer drug delivery by focused ultrasound-mediated blood-brain/tumor barrier disruption for glioma therapy: From benchside to bedside. Pharmacol Ther. 2023 Oct;250:108518. doi: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2023.108518. Epub 2023 Aug 22. PMID: 37619931 

Manuel TJ, Sigona MK, Phipps MA, Kusunose J, Luo H, Yang PF, Newton AT, Gore JC, Grissom W, Chen LM, Caskey CF. Small volume blood-brain barrier opening in macaques with a 1 MHz ultrasound phased array. J Control Release. 2023 Nov;363:707-720. doi: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.10.015. Epub 2023 Oct 17. PMID: 37827222 

Haroon J, Aboody K, Flores L, McDonald M, Mahdavi K, Zielinski M, Jordan K, Rindner E, Surya J, Venkatraman V, Go-Stevens V, Ngai G, Lara J, Hyde C, Schafer S, Schafer M, Bystritsky A, Nardi I, Kuhn T, Ross D, Jordan S. Use of transcranial low-intensity focused ultrasound for targeted delivery of stem cell-derived exosomes to the brain. Sci Rep. 2023 Oct 18;13(1):17707. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-44785-1. PMID: 37853206 

Li B, Lin Y, Chen G, Cai M, Zhong H, Xiao Z, Lin M, Li T, Cai Y, Shuai X, Ren J. Anchoring Microbubbles on Cerebrovascular Endothelium as a New Strategy Enabling Low-Energy Ultrasound-Assisted Delivery of Varisized Agents Across Blood-Brain Barrier. Adv Sci (Weinh). 2023 Oct 23:e2302134. doi: 10.1002/advs.202302134. PMID: 37870165 

Fadera S, Chukwu C, Stark AH, Yue Y, Xu L, Chien CY, Yuan J, Chen H. Focused Ultrasound-Mediated Delivery of Anti-Programmed Cell Death-Ligand 1 Antibody to the Brain of a Porcine Model. Pharmaceutics. 2023 Oct 17;15(10):2479. doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15102479. PMID: 37896238 

Gao P, Sun Y, Zhang G, Li C, Wang L. A transducer positioning method for transcranial focused ultrasound treatment of brain tumors. Front Neurosci. 2023 Oct 11;17:1277906. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1277906. eCollection 2023. PMID: 37904813 

Chen YH, Moore D, Lee CC, Su YH. Focused ultrasound for brain metastases: an update on global clinical trials. J Neurooncol. 2023 Nov 1. doi: 10.1007/s11060-023-04492-3. PMID: 37910281 

Cooper I, Last D, Ravid O, Rand D, Matsree E, Omesi L, Shemesh C, Liberman M, Zach L, Furman O, Daniels D, Liraz-Zaltsman S, Mardor Y, Sharabi S. BBB opening by low pulsed electric fields, depicted by delayed-contrast MRI, enables efficient delivery of therapeutic doxorubicin doses into mice brains. Fluids Barriers CNS. 2023 Sep 22;20(1):67. doi: 10.1186/s12987-023-00468-7. PMID: 37737197 

Song G, Plumlee P, Ahn JY, Wong ST, Zhao H. Translational strategies and systems biology insights for blood-brain barrier opening and delivery in brain tumors and Alzheimer’s disease. Biomed Pharmacother. 2023 Sep 11;167:115450. doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115450. PMID: 37703663 

Yuan J, Xu L, Chien CY, Yang Y, Yue Y, Fadera S, Stark AH, Schwetye KE, Nazeri A, Desai R, Athiraman U, Chaudhuri AA, Chen H, Leuthardt EC. First-in-human prospective trial of sonobiopsy in high-grade glioma patients using neuronavigation-guided focused ultrasound. NPJ Precis Oncol. 2023 Sep 16;7(1):92. doi: 10.1038/s41698-023-00448-y. PMID: 37717084 

Mehta NH, Shah HA, Ben-Shalom N, D’Amico RS. Sonolucent cranioplasty: Is therapeutic FUS the next frontier? J Clin Neurosci. 2023 Aug;114:129-130. doi: 10.1016/j.jocn.2023.06.016. Epub 2023 Jun 28. PMID: 37390776 

Grasso G, Torregrossa F, Noto M, Bruno E, Feraco P, Buscemi F, Bartolotta TV, Gagliardo C. MR-guided focused ultrasound-induced blood-brain barrier opening for brain metastasis: a review. Neurosurg Focus. 2023 Aug;55(2):E11. doi: 10.3171/2023.5.FOCUS23227. PMID: 37527681 

Zhan Y, Song Y, Qiao W, Sun L, Wang X, Yi B, Yang X, Ji L, Su P, Zhao W, Liu Z, Ren W. Focused ultrasound combined with miR-1208-equipped exosomes inhibits malignant progression of glioma. Br J Cancer. 2023 Aug 14. doi: 10.1038/s41416-023-02393-w. PMID: 37580442 

Fan B, Goodman W, Cho RY, Sheth SA, Bouchard RR, Aazhang B. Computational modeling and minimization of unintended neuronal excitation in a LIFU stimulation. Sci Rep. 2023 Aug 17;13(1):13403. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-40522-w. PMID: 37591991 

Mehta NH, Shah HA, D’Amico RS. Sonodynamic Therapy and Sonosensitizers for Glioma Treatment: A Systematic Qualitative Review. World Neurosurg. 2023 Jul 14:S1878-8750(23)00961-0. doi: 10.1016/j.wneu.2023.07.030. PMID: 37454909  

Mehkri Y, Pierre K, Woodford SJ, Davidson CG, Urhie O, Sriram S, Hernandez J, Hanna C, Lucke-Wold B. Surgical Management of Brain Tumors with Focused Ultrasound. Curr Oncol. 2023 May 13;30(5):4990-5002. doi: 10.3390/curroncol30050377. PMID: 37232835   

Moody CT, Durham PG, Dayton PA, Brudno Y. Loading Intracranial Drug-Eluting Reservoirs Across the Blood-Brain Barrier With Focused Ultrasound. Ultrasound Med Biol. 2023 Apr 27:S0301-5629(23)00097-2. doi: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2023.03.012.  

Park J, Kong C, Shin J, Park JY, Na YC, Han SH, Chang JW, Song SH, Chang WS. Combined Effects of Focused Ultrasound and Photodynamic Treatment for Malignant Brain Tumors Using C6 Glioma Rat Model. Yonsei Med J. 2023 Apr;64(4):233-242. doi: 10.3349/ymj.2022.0422.  

Zhang DY, Dmello C, Chen L, Arrieta VA, Gonzalez-Buendia E, Kane JR, Magnusson LP, Baran A, James CD, Horbinski C, Carpentier A, Desseaux C, Canney M, Muzzio M, Stupp R, Sonabend AM. Ultrasound-mediated Delivery of Paclitaxel for Glioma: A Comparative Study of Distribution, Toxicity, and Efficacy of Albumin-bound Versus Cremophor Formulations. Clin Cancer Res. 2020 Jan 15;26(2):477-486. doi: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-19-2182. Epub 2019 Dec 12.  

Josowitz AD, Bindra RS, Saltzman WM. Polymer nanocarriers for targeted local delivery of agents in treating brain tumors. Nanotechnology. 2022 Dec 2;34(7). doi: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac9683.  

Wang J, Li Z, Pan M, Fiaz M, Hao Y, Yan Y, Sun L, Yan F. Ultrasound-mediated blood-brain barrier opening: An effective drug delivery system for theranostics of brain diseases. Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2022 Nov;190:114539. doi: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114539. Epub 2022 Sep 15.  

Mehkri Y, Woodford S, Pierre K, Dagra A, Hernandez J, Reza Hosseini Siyanaki M, Azab M, Lucke-Wold B. Focused Delivery of Chemotherapy to Augment Surgical Management of Brain Tumors. Curr Oncol. 2022 Nov 17;29(11):8846-8861. doi: 10.3390/curroncol29110696.  

Gorick CM, Breza VR, Nowak KM, Cheng VWT, Fisher DG, Debski AC, Hoch MR, Demir ZEF, Tran NM, Schwartz MR, Sheybani ND, Price RJ. Applications of focused ultrasound-mediated blood-brain barrier opening. Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2022 Oct 19;191:114583. doi: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114583.  

Kofoed RH, Noseworthy K, Wu K, Sivadas S, Stanek L, Elmer B, Hynynen K, Shihabuddin LS, Aubert I. The engineered AAV2-HBKO promotes non-invasive gene delivery to large brain regions beyond ultrasound targeted sites. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev. 2022 Sep 26;27:167-184. doi: 10.1016/j.omtm.2022.09.011. eCollection 2022 Dec 8.  

Costa M, Fernandes C, Eames M, Hananel A, Mugler JP 3rd, Huaromo J, Yang JB, Mata J. Cytoreductive Surgical Treatment of Pleural Mesothelioma in a Porcine Model Using Magnetic-Resonance-Guided Focused Ultrasound Surgery (MRgFUS) and Radiofrequency Ablation (RFA). Tomography. 2022 Sep 3;8(5):2232-2242. doi: 10.3390/tomography8050187.  

Shen Y, Hu M, Li W, Chen Y, Xu Y, Sun L, Liu D, Chen S, Gu Y, Ma Y, Chen X. Delivery of DNA octahedra enhanced by focused ultrasound with microbubbles for glioma therapy. J Control Release. 2022 Aug 18;350:158-174. doi: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.08.019.  

Power EA, Rechberger JS, Gupta S, Schwartz JD, Daniels DJ, Khatua S. Drug delivery across the blood-brain barrier for the treatment of pediatric brain tumors – An update. Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2022 Jun;185:114303. doi: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114303. Epub 2022 Apr 21.  

Wang F, Dong L, Liang S, Wei X, Wang Y, Chang L, Guo K, Wu H, Chang Y, Yin Y, Wang L, Shi Y, Yan F, Li N. Ultrasound-triggered drug delivery for glioma therapy through gambogic acid-loaded nanobubble-microbubble complexes. Biomed Pharmacother. 2022 Jun;150:113042. doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113042. Epub 2022 May 2.  

Zhu M, Wu P, Li Y, Zhang L, Zong Y, Wan M. Synergistic therapy for orthotopic gliomas via biomimetic nanosonosensitizer-mediated sonodynamic therapy and ferroptosis. Biomater Sci. 2022 Jun 14. doi: 10.1039/d2bm00562j.  

Dong L, Li N, Wei X, Wang Y, Chang L, Wu H, Song L, Guo K, Chang Y, Yin Y, Pan M, Shen Y, Wang F. A Gambogic Acid-Loaded Delivery System Mediated by Ultrasound-Targeted Microbubble Destruction: A Promising Therapy Method for Malignant Cerebral Glioma. Int J Nanomedicine. 2022 May 3;17:2001-2017. doi: 10.2147/IJN.S344940. eCollection 2022. PMID: 35535034  

Roberts JW, Powlovich L, Sheybani N, LeBlang S. Focused ultrasound for the treatment of glioblastoma. J Neurooncol. 2022 Mar 10. doi: 10.1007/s11060-022-03974-0. Online ahead of print. PMID: 35267132  

Brighi C, Salimova E, de Veer M, Puttick S, Egan G. Translation of focused ultrasound for blood-brain barrier opening in glioma. J Control Release. 2022 Mar 23;345:443-463. doi: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.03.035.  

Tierney TS, Alavian KN, Altman N, Bhatia S, Duchowny M, Hyslop A, Jayakar P, Resnick T, Wang S, Miller I, Ragheb J. Initial experience with magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound stereotactic surgery for central brain lesions in young adults. J Neurosurg. 2022 Jan 14:1-8. doi: 10.3171/2021.10.JNS21416.  

Mathew EN, Berry BC, Yang HW, Carroll RS, Johnson MD. Delivering Therapeutics to Glioblastoma: Overcoming Biological Constraints. Int J Mol Sci. 2022 Feb 2;23(3):1711. doi: 10.3390/ijms23031711.  

Ngamcherdtrakul W, Bejan DS, Cruz-Muñoz W, Reda M, Zaidan HY, Siriwon N, Marshall S, Wang R, Nelson MA, Rehwaldt JPC, Gray JW, Hynynen K, Yantasee W. Targeted Nanoparticle for Co-delivery of HER2 siRNA and a Taxane to Mirror the Standard Treatment of HER2+ Breast Cancer: Efficacy in Breast Tumor and Brain Metastasis. Small. 2022 Jan 27:e2107550. doi: 10.1002/smll.202107550.  

Gould A, Zhang D, Arrieta VA, Stupp R, Sonabend AM. Delivering albumin-bound paclitaxel across the blood-brain barrier for gliomas. Oncotarget. 2021 Dec 7;12(25):2474-2475. doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.28018. eCollection 2021 Dec 7.  
  
Samuel N, Vetkas A, Pancholi A, Sarica C, Loh A, Germann J, Harmsen IE, Tasserie J, Milano V, Yamamoto K, Kalia SK, Kongkham PN, Lozano AM. A Network-Based Approach to Glioma Surgery: Insights from Functional Neurosurgery. Cancers (Basel). 2021 Dec 5;13(23):6127. doi: 10.3390/cancers13236127.   
  
Paun L, Moiraghi A, Jannelli G, Nouri A, DiMeco F, Pallud J, Meling TR, Momjian S, Schaller K, Prada F, Migliorini D. From Focused Ultrasound Tumor Ablation to Brain Blood Barrier Opening for High Grade Glioma: A Systematic Review. Cancers (Basel). 2021 Nov 10;13(22):5614. doi: 10.3390/cancers13225614.   
  
Schoen S Jr, Kilinc MS, Lee H, Guo Y, Degertekin FL, Woodworth GF, Arvanitis C. Towards controlled drug delivery in brain tumors with microbubble-enhanced focused ultrasound. Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2021 Nov 18;180:114043. doi: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.114043.   

Sheybani ND, Witter AR, Garrison WJ, Miller GW, Price RJ, Bullock TNJ. Profiling of the immune landscape in murine glioblastoma following blood brain/tumor barrier disruption with MR image-guided focused ultrasound. J Neurooncol. 2021 Nov 3. doi: 10.1007/s11060-021-03887-4.   
  
Serra R, Zhao T, Huq S, Gorelick NL, Casaos J, Cecia A, Mangraviti A, Eberhart C, Bai R, Olivi A, Brem H, Jackson EM, Tyler B. Disulfiram and copper combination therapy targets NPL4, cancer stem cells and extends survival in a medulloblastoma model. PLoS One. 2021 Nov 3;16(11):e0251957. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0251957. eCollection 2021.  

Wei HJ, Pouliopoulos A, Yoh N, Tazhibi M, McQuillan N, Zhang X, Szalontay L, Gartrell R, Jovana P, Zhang Z, Feldstein N, Zacharoulis S, Konofagou EE, Wu CC. Focused Ultrasound-Mediated Blood-Brain Barrier Opening Enhances Panobinostat Efficacy in a Murine Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Glioma Model. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2021 Nov 1;111(3S):e177. doi: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2021.07.666.  

Batts AJ, Ji R, Kline-Schoder AR, Noel RL, Konofagou EE. Transcranial Theranostic Ultrasound for Pre-Planning and Blood-Brain Barrier Opening: A Feasibility Study Using an Imaging Phased Array In Vitro and In Vivo. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng. 2021 Oct 19;PP. doi: 10.1109/TBME.2021.3120919.  

Meng Y, Pople CB, Budiansky D, Li D, Suppiah S, Lim-Fat MJ, Perry J, Sahgal A, Lipsman N. Current state of therapeutic focused ultrasound applications in neuro-oncology. J Neurooncol. 2021 Oct 18. doi: 10.1007/s11060-021-03861-0.  

Meng Y, Reilly R, Pezo R, Trudeau M, Sahgal A, Singnurkar A, Perry J, Myrehaug S, Pople C, Davidson B, Llinas M, Hyen C, Huang Y, Hamani C, Suppiah S, Hynynen K, and Lipsman N. MR-guided focused ultrasound enhances delivery of trastuzumab to Her2-positive brain metastases. Science Translational Medicine 13 Oct 2021 Vol 13, Issue 615 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abj4011  

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